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ANDREAS NEESER AND HIS TRANSLATORS



Bild : Ayse Yavas

"If it weren't for translators, there wouldn't be such a thing as world literature. Authors work in their small literary gardens, whereas their translators head out for new shores, i.e. for the world."

[P.S. You can't read German? Next time you read a German author in your language, remember the experience is made possible by a translator.]

Andreas Neeser wurde 1964 geboren, studierte Germanistik, Anglistik und Literaturkritik an der Universität Zürich. Von 2003 bis 2011 Aufbau und Leitung der Aargauer Literaturhauses in Lenzburg. Seit 2012 freier Schriftsteller. Für seine vielfältigen literarischen Arbeiten in den Bereichen Prosa, Lyrik und Dramatik wurde er mehrfach ausgezeichnet. Jüngste Publikationen: Unsicherer Grund, Erzählungen, 2010; Fliegen, bis es schneit, Roman, 2012 (beide Haymon Verlag, Innsbruck). Im Herbst 2013 erscheint der Lyrikband „Grass grows inward“ (dt.: „Gras wächst nach innen“, 2004) bei Spuyten Duyvil, New York, in der Übersetzung von Marc VinzenzUnd voraussichtlich 2014 erscheint „Gras wächst nach innen“ auf Spanisch, und zwar in der Übersetzung von José Aníbal Campos Gonzales und Montserrat Armas Concepción.

www.andreasneeser.ch.




Sind Ihre Bücher schon übersetzt worden? Falls ja, in welche Sprachen?

Zur Zeit wird mein Gedichtband «Gras wächst nach innen» ins Spanische und ins Englische übersetzt. 2014 wird es meine ersten Übersetzungen in Buchform geben!

Daneben gibt es einzelne Gedichte und Erzählungen in spanischen, koreanischen, russischen, ukrainischen, ungarischen und amerikanischen Anthologien und/oder Zeitschriften.


Haben Sie Ihre Übersetzer schon persönlich getroffen oder sind Sie in Kontakt mit ihnen getreten?

Meinen Spanisch- und meinen Russisch-Übersetzer habe ich persönlich kennen gelernt. Wir haben auch zusammen an den Texten gearbeitet. Der persönliche Kontakt zu José Aníbal Campos Gonzales(Spanisch) und Marc Vinzenz(Englisch) bedeutet mir viel. Gerade bei Lyrik-Übersetzungen entsteht ja oft in mehr als einem Sinn ein «neuer» Text, weil sich Sprachbilder, mehrdeutige Wendungen, Enjambements und Sprachspiele nicht immer von der einen in die andere Sprache übersetzen lassen. Diesen Prozess als Autor begleiten zu können, scheint mir für die Texte wichtig. Allerdings ist das nur möglich, wenn der Autor die Zielsprache auch versteht.


Wie ist es abgelaufen?

Harte Textarbeit. Viel Rotwein. – Leider aber sind persönliche Begegnungen aufgrund der geografischen Distanz nur selten möglich. Vieles geschieht deshalb per E-Mail.


Fällt es Ihnen schwer, Ihre literarischen Geschöpfe einem Übersetzer/einer Übersetzerin anzuvertrauen oder haben Sie blindes Vertrauen in sie?

Grundsätzlich ist es für jeden Text ein Glück, wenn er in einer anderen Sprache ein neues Leben anfangen kann. Voraussetzung dafür, dass es ein gutes Leben wird, ist natürlich eine gute Übersetzung. Die fachlichen Qualitäten des Übersetzers bzw. der Übersetzerin sind deshalb Bedingung für mein Vertrauen. – Schwierig wird es, wenn ich die Zielsprache nicht verstehe. Dann kann ich mich nur auf das Renommee des Übersetzers verlassen. Der Rest ist blindes Vertrauen. (Das heisst dann in letzter Konsequenz: eine koreanische Anthologie aufschlagen und darauf vertrauen, dass der Text, der unter meinem Namen steht, auch wirklich von mir stammt.)


Haben Sie schon gehört, wie jemand aus einer anderen Sprache aus Ihren Büchern vorgelesen hat? Wie hat das auf Sie gewirkt?

Ich habe Gedichte von mir auf Spanisch und Englisch gehört. Vertraute Klänge, da mir die Sprachen vertraut sind. Wichtig ist mir, dass ich hinter den Wörtern der «fremden» Sprache meinen eigenen Klang höre. Bei Germanischen und romanischen Sprachen funktioniert das auch – aber bei Chinesisch? Finnisch? – Ich würde es gern herausfinden.


Können Sie die Qualität einer Übersetzung einschätzen?

Voraussetzung für ein eigenes Qualitätsurteil ist die Kenntnis der Zielsprache. – Natürlich gibt es auch ein Verständnis jenseits der Wörter, des Begrifflichen überhaupt. Doch da wird es schwierig – und rein gefühlsmässig lässt sich die Qualität einer Übersetzung zum Glück nicht einschätzen.



In welche Sprachen möchten Sie am meisten, dass Ihre Bücher übersetzt werden und warum?

Schön wäre natürlich, wenn meine Texte auch in die beiden anderen Schweizer Landessprachen übersetzt würden: Französisch und Italienisch.


Was fällt Ihnen als Erstes ein, wenn Sie an den Beruf des Literaturübersetzers/der Literaturübersetzerin denken?

Übersetzer und Übersetzerinnen sind für die Literatur von unschätzbarem Wert. Ohne sie gäbe es so etwas wie Weltliteratur gar nicht. Während wir Autoren in unserem kleinen literarischen Gärtchen arbeiten, tragen die Übersetzer unsere Texte an andere, neue Ufer – letztlich in die weite Welt hinaus.
Dass sie für diese wunderbare Arbeit unglaublich schlecht bezahlt werden und dass ihnen in aller Regel nicht die ihnen gebührende Wertschätzung entgegengebracht wird, ist für mich ein grosses Ärgernis, eine Frechheit und ein Skandal.

ROSSELLA BERNASCONE AND HER AUTHORS



“The most enriching experience? It’s very hard to choose. My favourite is a ray of sun slanting on the table at a specific angle over a translation I still have enough time to complete. But also the first time I saw actors saying the words I had written/translated. And then buying books and discovering they had been translated by the translators that happened to be my students.”

Rossella Bernascone is an Italian literary translator. She speaks Italian, English, French, Spanish, and German. She decided to answer our questions in English.
  
How did you start translating literature? What are “your” authors and languages?
In my last year of university (1978-79), I attended a poetry translation workshop. There were very few courses like that in Italy at the time and it was my flash of light on the road to Damascus: I knew then and there that I wanted to do that for the rest of my life. And I did. I wrote my dissertation on drama translation, and went on translating, studying and teaching translation, organising translation workshops, editing other people’s translations...
I translate from English, a literary promiscuous language, and I am a literary promiscuous person, sharing “my” authors freely.  The “classics” like Joseph Conrad, Jack London, Ambrose Bierce, Bram Stoker; the “untranslatable” ones like Gertrude Stein or Ben Marcus, the “modern classics” like Angela Carter, Cormac McCarthy and Lawrence Norfolk; the “women writers”—  as they were called — like Didion and Greer, the authors that were popular for a day or a few years, or that still are but not in Italy (look for them here), the “playwrights”: Shepard, Mamet, Innaurato, Mbvundula, Rabe, Kessler, Durang, Wilson, Turturro (Fletcher and Shakespeare for a brief moment); the “biographers”, the “poets”, and the “children’s lit” writers, and finally the author I’m lately most associated with, Jeff Kinney (of the Diary of a Wimpy Kidseries).

What do you like /dislike about your job as a literary translator?
I love everything about it: getting the phone call from the publisher, receiving the book (or downloading it), opening it, turning the computer on, opening a new file, tapping the keys, doing the research, reading, re-reading, and again, asking the online community of translators for advice, sharing doubts, discussing them with my editor, sending in the completed file, receiving the proofs, sending them back, and forgetting all about it until the check comes, and the book is in the bookstores, because by that time there’s another book on the bookrest waiting to be translated, or edited.

What is the most enriching experience you have had?
It’s very hard to choose. My favourite is a ray of sun slanting on the table at a specific angle over a translation I still have enough time to complete. But also the first time I saw actors saying the words I had written/translated. And then buying books and discovering they had been translated by the translators that happened to be my students.

What made you feel closest to an author?
Nothing did or does. I never feel I’m translating an author. I’m always working on a book, from a book. Actually on words, with words.

What have you found most difficult to translate?
Bad books, but I’m not going to name them. I love to translate “difficult” books, especially experimental literature.

What have you enjoyed most translating?
If I have to choose only one book it has to be John Gardner’s Grendel. It’s the Beowulf’s saga from the point of view of the “beast”, a 1971 postmodern book translated in 1990 and published by Einaudi in 1991. It was wonderful to work on it, using the translation of the epic by Ludovica Koch, all the research on paper, books and books around my first Toshiba laptop (actually the second one, its older brother had burnt down with my house in the States a few months before).

Which author would you love to translate?
 I would love to translate more plays.

If you were not a literary translator, what would you do?

I belong to the generation of people that, in order to be a literary translator, had to do also something else, so I’m a teacher (English, translation, drama, and recently also history of music). But if I had to have another career, one that I’m already training for (for my next life), then I’d be a musician.



MARNIX PEETERS AND HIS TRANSLATORS


Photo: Rudi Van Beek

“My Italian is quite poor. I kind of swing into the sounds. Now, the great thing about this translation is that I can suddenly read a whole book in Italian, which I otherwise couldn’t really read. So maybe this is a good chance to learn the language. With your own book in your hands.”

[P.S. You can’t read Ducth? Next time you read a Dutch author, remember the experience is made possible by a translator.]

Marnix Peeters (1965) is een Vlaamsjournalist en auteur.
Hij werkte als muziekjournalist en reportagemaker voor allerlei media, publiceerde in kranten en tijdschriften en schreef non-fictieboeken
.
Zomer 2012 verscheen bij uitgeverij
De Bezige Bij Antwerpen zijn debuutroman De dag dat we Andy zijn arm afzaagden. Het boek werd prompt genomineerd voor De Bronzen Uil 2012, de prijs voor het beste Nederlandstalige debuut, en begin 2013 werden de Italiaanse rechten van De dag dat we Andy zijn arm afzaagden gekocht door de Italiaanse uitgeverij Elliot Edizioni.
Zomer 2013 verschijnt bij De Bezige Bij Antwerpen zijn tweede roman, Natte dozen.


Marnix, welke van je boeken zijn al vertaald en in welke talen?

De dag dat we Andy zijn arm afzaagden, mijn debuutroman, wordt as we speak naar het Italiaans vertaald door David Santoro, onder de heerlijk golvende titel Il giorno che segammo il braccio a Andy. Ik had het zelf nooit zo mooi kunnen schrijven.


Heb je contact gehad met je vertalers, en heb je wel eens een van hen ontmoet?

Neen. De Bezige Bij heeft de hele rechtenkwestie afgehandeld, ik zit er van een afstand naar te kijken als een kind naar de etalage van een snoepwinkel: vol dramatische afwachting (en vooral trek).


Vind je het moeilijk om je geesteskind in handen te geven van een vertaler of heb je een onvoorwaardelijk vertrouwen in hun werk?

Ik heb het er allerminst moeilijk mee; ik ga er van uit dat een goeie uitgever er geen baat bij heeft om een slordige of aftandse vertaling op de markt te brengen. Dat zie je alleen wel eens bij de echte ‘hype-boeken’ — Steve Jobs sterft, of Michael Jackson, of Lance Armstrong komt in het oog van de storm terecht, en dan moet er zo snel mogelijk een vertaling van de kakelverse biografie verschijnen, en dan struikel je wel eens over de manke zinnen. Bij ‘gewoon’ literair werk heb je dat zelden of nooit — vandaar dat ik er wel vertrouwen in heb.



Heb je ooit uit je eigen boek horen voorlezen in een andere taal? Hoe vond je dat?

Ik oefen nu zelf stukjes uit ‘Il giorno’ voor de spiegel (lacht). Nee: Italiaans klinkt zó heerlijk, dat eens mens er een tikkeltje jaloers van wordt, met z’n lompe Nederlands.


Heb je het idee dat je kunt inschatten wat de kwaliteit van een vertaling is?

Moeilijk. Mijn Italiaans is dunnetjes. Ik dein wat mee op de klanken. Het prachtige is wel dat ik plots een heel boek in het Italiaans kan lezen, dat ik strikt genomen eigenlijk niet kàn lezen — misschien is dit de geknipte gelegenheid om de taal te leren. Met je eigen boek in de hand.


In welke taal zou je het liefst vertaald willen worden, en waarom?

Het Engels. Ik heb een handvol heel goeie vrienden in Amerika, en ze zeuren me de oren van het hoofd voor een vertaling — ik zou het zelf ook prachtig vinden, mochten ze mijn werk kunnen lezen.


Wat vind je het meest bijzondere aspect van het beroep van literair vertaler?

Ik sta stijf van bewondering voor literaire vertalers — máák maar eens iets van al die beelden en metaforen die in een andere taal helemaal nergens op slaan. Volstrekt fascinerend vind ik dat: dat midden houden tussen ‘trouw blijven aan het origineel’ en toch die grenzen durven opzoeken.

[Post kindly sent in by Manon Smits]


ADA VIGLIANI AND HER AUTHORS



“What I like and dislike most about my job as a literary translator is the so called ‘solitude of the translator’. (...)
However, the core of this job is the endless personal confrontation with the written page, a dialogue with oneself in search of the right solution while the author is asking you in the background not to betray him/her. I strongly feel that presence all the time, especially when the authors are dead and I cannot ask them for comfort, or when I am about to make a bold choice. Still, this dialogue with oneself and with the author’s shadow is very fascinating and prevents solitude, a positive value in itself, from becoming mere isolation in a negative sense.”


Ada Vigliani is an Italian literary translator. She speaks Italian, German, French, English. She decided to answer our questions in Italian.


Come ti sei avvicinata al mestiere della traduzione letteraria? Quali autori traduci e da quali lingue?

Per caso. Nel 1982, di ritorno a Torino dall’Austria, dove avevo lavorato all’università di Salisburgo su Robert Musil (all’etica di questo scrittore avevo già dedicato la mia tesi di laurea in filosofia), fui contattata da un amico filosofo, ai primi passi della carriera accademica: gli avevano chiesto di tradurre il corposo secondo volume del Mondo come volontà e rappresentazione di Schopenhauer per “I Meridiani” Mondadori, ma lui non aveva tempo (e forse nemmeno la voglia, tutto preso com’era da altri progetti) e fece il mio nome all’editore. Le venti pagine della mia prova di traduzione passarono al vaglio di un filosofo e di un germanista, e il responso fu positivo. Dopo Schopenhauer arrivarono Goethee poi Musil, e così a poco a poco quella che era solo una delle mie attività (per parecchio tempo ho anche insegnato tedesco e filosofia al Conservatorio di musica a Torino e scritto recensioni per Tuttolibri-La Stampa) è diventata l’impegno prevalente.
Ho iniziato traducendo classici e continuo a tradurne (oltre agli autori citati anche Hermann Broch, Elias Canetti, Ernst Jünger, Stefan Zweig). Ma traduco anche autori contemporanei sia nel campo delle scienze umane (l’egittologo Jan Assmann, ad esempio), sia soprattutto in quello della letteratura (Fred Wander, Jenny Erpenbecke W.G.Sebald). Traduco autori di lingua tedesca, molti dei quali austriaci.

Quali sono secondo te i pregi e i difetti del mestiere di traduttore letterario?

Pregio e difetto insieme è la cosiddetta “solitudine del traduttore”. Certo ci sono oggi mille occasioni di incontro con colleghi, con i quali condividere esperienze e ai quali chiedere aiuto; importantissimo è anche il rapporto con il proprio revisore, quando si ha la fortuna di averne uno e io sono stata generalmente fortunata da questo punto di vista, in particolare con Adelphi, dove il mio rapporto con il responsabile della germanistica è quanto di meglio ci si possa aspettare.
Ma il fulcro di questo lavoro è sempre il confronto individuale con la pagina scritta, il dialogo con se stessi alla ricerca della soluzione giusta, mentre sullo sfondo l’ombra dell’autore ti chiede di non tradirlo. Io sento sempre con forza questa presenza – soprattutto quando gli autori sono morti e non posso chiedere loro conforto, quando sto per fare una scelta magari ardita. E tuttavia questo dialogo con se stessi e con l’ombra dell’autore è anche molto affascinante ed evita che la solitudine, un valore positivo, diventi un mero e negativo isolamento.
Come in ogni lavoro pienamente autonomo, si ha una notevole libertà organizzativa rispetto ai tempi, ai luoghi. E questo è positivo, ma richiede molta disciplina interiore: prefiggersi orari e/o tranche di lavoro da eseguire in un certo periodo di tempo, che può essere giornaliero o settimanale  etc.  È un lavoro che si svolge tra le mura domestiche, il che porta a una sovrapposizione e confusione tra vita privata e vita lavorativa. Per di più, essendo un lavoro che prende molto intellettualmente ed emotivamente, come ogni lavoro di scrittura e quindi creativo a volte ti perseguita “fin nei sogni”, come diceva lo scrittore che al momento amo  di più, W.G. Sebald, a proposito dello scrivere!
Fra i difetti – e qui compio un balzo verso il basso nel “registro stilistico” rispetto alle “nobili” considerazioni svolte finora – c’è la questione del “vile denaro”. Tradurre per l’editoria è un lavoro sottopagato, almeno qui in Italia. E non a caso è per molti un secondo lavoro. Chi vuole vivere di sola traduzione editoriale, per arrivare a garantirsi la sopravvivenza deve mettere in conto di lavorare in media almeno cinquanta ore la settimana, senza quasi potersi permettere pause per ferie o malattie.

Qual è stata l’esperienza più arricchente e perché?

In trent’anni di lavoro di esperienze arricchenti ce ne sono state moltissime, sia quando si è trattato di confrontarsi con classici da tradurre ex novo, come Musil, Zweig e Goethe, sia con autori contemporanei. A tutt’oggi il massimo coinvolgimento è quello della traduzione di tutta l’opera di W. G. Sebald, il grande scrittore tedesco nato sul confine dell’Austria e della Svizzera, emigrato in Inghilterra a poco più di vent’anni e lì rimasto fino alla morte nel 2001 a soli cinquantasette anni. Sebald ha sempre continuato a scrivere in tedesco: la sua è una scrittura molto originale e complessa, architettonica e labirintica, con periodi lunghissimi che sono obiettivamente molto difficili da rendere e mettono in gioco il traduttore. Ma è proprio misurandosi con le sfide che si ottengono le migliori soddisfazioni e se ne esce comunque arricchiti.  Pagine, quelle di questo scrittore, nelle quali l’invito a vedere con gli occhi della mente ciò che lui ci descrive e ad ascoltare il ritmo e il suono, che sono una sua peculiare caratteristica, si intrecciano inestricabilmente e costituiscono un’altra sfida per il traduttore.
Un’esperienza molto arricchente, al centro della quale c’è  ancora Sebald, è stata la creazione di un gruppo di lavoro fra i suoi traduttori. Ne avevo incontrati un paio a Berlino nel 2008, in occasione di un incontro organizzato dallo LCB, ed ero riuscita a confrontarmi sulla traduzione del poema in versi liberi di questo autore con il suo traduttore greco, che stava anche lui come me lavorando su quel testo. Di lì è nata l’idea di raccogliere in un gruppo tutti i suoi traduttori. È stato piuttosto impegnativo rintracciarli, ma dopo pochi mesi eravamo già una trentina. Fra alcuni si è creato un legame molto stretto, fatto di mail, telefonate, incontri via skype che ci portavano a riflessioni sul nostro autore, sulla letteratura e sulla traduzione in generale.  Un libro di Sebald, Gli anelli di Saturnoè stato tradotto in parallelo da me, dalla traduttrice finlandese, da quella ungherese e dal traduttore greco e con il sostegno di coloro che già avevano di recente lavorato al  testo, come la traduttrice israeliana e quella olandese, o di quelli che avrebbero iniziato di lì a breve il lavoro, come il traduttore ceco e le traduttrici polacca e lituana.
                                                                                                

Qual è stata la cosa che più ti ha fatto sentire vicina a un autore?

Anche in questo caso non credo di potermi limitare a un nome e a un momento. Ho avuto la fortuna di poter tradurre sempre libri che rientravano nelle mie corde. Anche perché forse ho un sufficientemente ampio numero di corde che mi permettono di accostarmi con “empatia” ad autori che sono obiettivamente distanti fra loro. D’altronde chi traduce deve lavorare per crearsi una grande apertura mentale, così da aumentare il numero delle sue corde. Come un attore, che riesce a interpretare ruoli differenti perché sa essere quel determinato personaggio in un certo momento. Gli autori la cui scrittura è improntata a ironia e melanconia in una visione della letteratura come salvezza del passato sono quelli cui  mi sono sempre sentita più vicina. Proprio in questo senso sento vicini W.G. Sebald e Jenny Erpenbeck.

Le pagine che più ti è stato difficile tradurre?

Molte pagine di Musil, sia nella mia traduzione dell’Uomo senza qualità per i Meridiani  vent’anni fa sia nell’inedito Il Redentore che uscirà tra qualche mese da Marsilio, in particolare quelle relative alla follia di Clarisse. Gli aforismi di Canetti, perché sono decontestualizzati. Molto difficile, ma molto piacevole e singolare per il metodo che ho adottato, il poemetto di Sebald, Secondo natura. Un lavoro eseguito dapprima esclusivamente a mano, a matita, con il terrore  di un attacco sbagliato che potesse pregiudicare il ritmo, il suono. Per cui mi limitavo a tradurre i versi che mi riuscivano convincenti, lasciando da parte tutto il resto. Ho fatto tre passaggi in questo modo, approntando così una specie di guado per passare il fiume – spesso un po’ agitato - dalla riva tedesca alla riva italiana, e con quei versi a farmi da pietre ho poi attraversato interamente il testo. Un testo, in cui il ricorso all’ekfrasis,  tipico comunque di Sebald, è molto evidente nella descrizione del polittico di Isenheim di Grünewald in particolare, dove lo scrittore tocca uno dei vertici della sua scrittura, così come si percepisce qui con più intensità che altrove nella sua opera l’impronta ritmica e l’attenzione al suono.

Le pagine che più ti sono piaciute?

In ogni libro moltissime, anche perché come dicevo ho avuto la fortuna di poter sempre tradurre libri che mi piacevano. Le pagine su Grünewald in Sebald, di cui dicevo prima, ad esempio. Molto coinvolgente e doloroso è stato tradurre la storia dell’adolescente ebreo Tadeusz Moll e della sua morte a Buchenwald, narrata da Fred Wander nel Settimo pozzo. Di recente mi piaciuto molto tradurre la leggenda indiana di Stefan Zweig, Gli occhi dell’eterno fratello, con quel suo tono da parabola, da leggenda appunto, così come il primo capitolo dell’ultimo bellissimo libro di Jenny Erepenbeck, Aller Tage Abend, che sa ritrarre con grande maestria un brandello del passato precedente la Grande guerra in una Galizia à la Joseph Roth.

Quale autore vorresti tradurre?

Su questo punto mi esercito nel “periodo ipotetico dell’impossibilità” e faccio il nome dello scrittore ungherese László Krasznahorkai. Un grandissimo scrittore che ho letto tradotto in francese e in tedesco parecchi anni  fa e chi mi ha subito conquistata, al punto di indurmi a farneticare di mettermi a studiare l’ungherese per poterlo tradurre io!! La follia è durata “l’espace d’un matin” naturalmente, e in questi giorni sono molto contenta di sapere che un suo libro sta finalmente uscendo in Italia tradotto da Bruno Ventavoli.

Se non facessi la traduttrice, che cosa faresti nella vita?

Penso di aver già contribuito abbastanza ai periodi ipotetici con la mia risposta precedente. Da bambina volevo fare la libraia o l’esploratrice, da adolescente l’archeologa o la ricercatrice in campo medico. Con gli anni la mia schizofrenia è andata scemando, e tutte le mie attività hanno sempre più o meno avuto a che fare con la scrittura, la lettura e i libri. Un ruolo nella promozione del libro, dei classici delle letterature moderne, della lettura in generale fra i giovani e gli adulti, lavorando con scuole, biblioteche, librerie e centri culturali, mi piacerebbe molto.


Elenco autori tradotti:
J.W. Goethe, Arthur Schopenhauer, Robert Musil, Alfred Polgar, Elias Canetti, Hermann Broch,
J.P. Eckermann, Jan Assmann, Fred Wander, W.G. Sebald, Ernst Jünger, Hermann Hesse, Robert Walser, Franz Kafka, Etty Hillesum, Jenny Erpenbeck, Stefan Zweig.


HUBERT KLIMKO-DOBRZANIECKI AND HIS TRANSLATORS




Foto: Agnieszka Klimko

"I am aware that translation is a literary art in its own right, that the translator writes his or her own interpretation of my book.
(...) 
Translations give books a new lease of life."


Hubert Klimko-Dobrzaniecki (b. 1967). Fiction writer and traveller. He spent over 10 years living in Reykjavik, where he wrote "Dom Róży. Krysuvik" (Rose’s House; nominated for the Nike, Poland’s main literary award) and “Kołysankę dla wisielca" (Lullaby for a Hanged Man; nominated for the Cogito Award and the weekly Polityka’s Passport Award). He has published the short story collections "Wariat" (Madman), "Rzeczy pierwsze" (First Things),"Pornogarmażerka" (The Porn Manager) as well as the novels " Raz. Dwa. Trzy" (One. Two. Three); "Bornholm, Bornholm" and "Grecy umierają w domu" (Greeks Die At Home). He is currently based in Vienna.


Have any of your books been translated? If so, into which languages?

Six of my books have been translated into French. Apart from that, two books have been translated into Italian (the second is due to appear in 2014), and some have been published in Serbian, Icelandic, Bulgarian and Slovak; an English translation of one is under way.  Individual short stories have appeared in German, Norwegian and Ukrainian anthologies.

Czy któreś z Pańskich książek były przetłumaczone? Jeśli tak, to na jakie języki?

Do tej pory sześć moich książek zostało przełożonych na francuski. Prócz tego dwa tytuły na włoski (drugi przekład ma się pojawić w roku 2014),po jednym na serbski,islandzki, bułgarski i słowacki. Trwają prace nad angielskim przekładem. Pojedyńcze opowiadania pojawiły się w antologiach niemieckich, norweskich i ukraińskich

Have you had an opportunity to meet your translator personally or make contact with him or her?

I don’t know all my translators but I have met most of them during promotional events in the respective countries. This is how I met my French translator. With my Italian translator I was first in touch by e-mail, later we met at a literary residency. I met my Slovak and English translator, Julia Sherwood, through Google. At that point she hadn’t translated any of my books yet, only some of my essays in periodicals. Then we met in person, and eventually at the launch of the Slovak translation of one of my books. I haven’t met the other translators. On occasion the publisher just sent me the completed translation although I hadn’t had any contact with the translator.

Czy miał Pan okazję poznać swoich tłumaczy osobiście albo z nimi nawiązać kontakt?

Nie znam wszystkich tłumaczy,choć część udało mi się spotkać osobiście podczas promocji książek wydanych w danym kraju. Tak poznałem francuską tłumaczkę. Z włoską miałem najpierw kontakt mailowy,a dopiero potem spotkaliśmy się przy okazji mojego stypendium. Moją słowacko-angielską tłumaczkę, Julię Sherwood, poznałem za pomocą googlea.Jeszcze wtedy nie tłumaczyła moich książek,ale artykuły, które ukazywały się w prasie.Potem spotkaliśmy się osobiście, a nas sam koniec, raz jeszcze podczas promocji przekładu. Reszty tłumaczy nie znam osobiście. Z serbską tłumaczką korespondowałem mailowo. Bywało też tak, że otrzymywałem od wydawcy już przetłumaczoną książkę, czy opowiadanie,ale z tłumaczem nie miałem żadnego kontaktu.

How did the meeting or the contact go?

I’ve kept in touch with those translators I’ve met, not necessarily just because they intended to translate more of my books; in some cases the acquaintance has grown beyond purely professional contact, which I regard as a special honour.

Jaki był ten kontakt?

Z tłumaczami, których poznałem osobiście utrzymujemy dalej kontakt i nie tylko dlatego, że dalej mnie mają zamiar tłumaczyć, w pewnych przypadkach ta znajomość wybiegła poza ramy zawodowe,co poczytuję sobie za wyróżnienie.

Is it difficult for you to entrust your literary work to a translator, or do you trust them blindly?

In some cases I have no choice but to place my trust in them because my language skills don’t allow me to read the translation. On the other hand, I am aware that translation is a literary art in its own right, that the translator writes his or her own interpretation of my book. So I just hope he or she will do the best possible job.

Czy jest Panu ciężko powierzyć swoje literackie dzieło tłumaczowi czy raczej bezgranicznie mu Pan ufa?

W pewnych przypadkach nie pozostaje mi nic innego jak tylko wierzyć,bo nie jestem w stanie przeczytać przetłumaczonego tekstu ze względu na brak znajomości danego języka. Z drugiej strony zdaję sobie sprawę, że przekład jest rodzajem sztuki literackiej, że tłumacz piszę swoją interpretację mojej książki. Ufam więc,że zrobi to jak najlepiej.

Have you ever heard someone reading extracts from your books in another language? What was your reaction?

Yes, I’ve had the pleasure many times, and even though I sometimes couldn’t understand the words I tried to listen to them as one listens to music. I could feel the rhythm and sometimes the sounds were quite uncanny.

Czy miał Pan okazję słyszeć jak ktoś czyta urywki z Pańskich książek w innym języku? Jaka była Pańska reakcja?

Tak, wielokrotnie miałem taką przyjemność, bo choć czasami nie rozumiałem tekstu, to starałem się go odbierać jak muzykę. Czułem rytm, słyszałem czasami niesamowite dzwięki.

Do you feel you can assess the quality of a translation?

Only if I know the language.

Czy potrafi Pan ocenić jakość przekładu?

Wyłącznie w przypadku jeśli dany język jest mi znany.

What languages would you most like to see your books translated into, and why?

Well, English, for obvious reasons but also, in my case, into German. It so happens that I’ve been living in a German-speaking country for six years and still haven’t had anything published in German. But translations into any other language would be welcome, too. Translations give books a new lease of life. I had a really nice surprise the other day. One of my works has been adapted for the stage and part of it was performed in Kashubian! For the benefit of those who haven’t heard of Kashubian, let me say that it’s an ancient Slavonic language that is still spoken in the vicinity of Gdańsk by some 50,000 people.

Na jakie języki chciałby Pan być tłumaczony, i na którym z nich zależy Panu najbardziej?

Ze zrozumiałych przyczyn muszę odpowiedzieć, że angielski,ale w moim przypadku również niemiecki. Tak się pechowo składa, że mieszkam w kraju niemieckojęzycznym od 6ciu lat i do tej pory nie doczekałem sie niemieckiego wydania. Ale każdy inny język też byłby przeze mnie mile widziany. Wszak przekłady dają nowe życie już napisanym książkom.Ostatnio spotkała mnie miła niespodzianka. Jeden z moich tekstów był inscenizowany, jego cżęść wystawiana była po kaszubsku! Jeśli ktoś nie wie, co to jest kaszubszczyzna,to chciałem wyjaśnić, że jest to żyjący, bardzo stary język słowiański,występujący jeszcze w okolicach Gdańska, którym jest w stanie się porozumieć jakieś 50 tysięcy ludzi.

What's the first thing that occurs to you when you think of the profession of literary translator?

It’s hard earned money, I guess it’s something you can’t do unless you really love it. I have the greatest respect for the profession.

Co w pierwszej kolejności przychodzi Panu do głowy, myśląc o zawodzie tłumacza?

Ciężki kawałek chleba, chyba trzeba to bardzo lubić, zeby to robić.Mam głęboki szacunek dla tej profesji.

 (Post kindly sent in AND translated by Julia Sherwood).

MARC VINCENZ AND HIS AUTHORS



“ I love the work.  As you know, I am also an author in my own right.  It’s a great pleasure to be able to enter another artist’s mind; to experience the world through different eyes.”

Marc Vincenz is a Swiss-British literary translator. He decided to answer our questions in English.

How did you start translating literature? What are “your” authors and languages?
I happened across Erika Burkart’s book Geheimbrief(my translation is forthcoming from Boston’s Cervena Barva Press as Secret Letter) in a little bookshop in Iceland.  I was immediately taken with Erika’s work. Erika had already passed away by this time, but with considerable effort, I managed to locate her husband, Ernst Halter and I helped my publisher secure the translation rights from S. Fischer.  It all started there. I’ve since gone on to translate three of Erika’s books, and one of Ernst’s.  My authors are: Erika Burkart, Werner Lutz, Klaus Merz, Ernst Halter, Andreas Neeser, Alexander Xaver Gwerder and I’ve just started translating Nathalie Schmid. All of these authors are Swiss. I decided to focus on Swiss authors as I am half Swiss myself (the other half is British). I felt it was necessary to bring more attention to the relatively unknown world of Swiss literature. I mostly translate German to English, but I have also translated numerous Icelandic works and I’ve been thinking about doing some translation from the Spanish.

What do you like /dislike about your job as a literary translator?
 I love the work.  As you know, I am also an author in my own right.  It’s a great pleasure to be able to enter another artist’s mind; to experience the world through different eyes.

What is the most enriching experience you have had?
I don’t know that I could pull a single white rabbit from the hat, but I can say that many of the authors I’ve translated have since become close friends.  We discuss each others’ works, compare notes, so to speak.

What made you feel closest to an author?
Sharing a good bottle of wine while discussing words. 

What have you found most difficult to translate?
Well, as you know, German is rich in compound words – that can virtually be strung together to no end; in order to remain true to the original, one has to do quite a bit of shuffling in the English. Numerous times I’ve stumbled across this difficulty.  Additionally, there are some words in either language that do not really have a direct equivalent. Tricky. I’ve been lucky in the fact that – mostly – I’ve been able to talk with the authors about their specific meanings.  In Erika’s case, I could talk to Ernst, her husband and literary companion for many years.  He knows her work almost as deeply as his own.

What have you enjoyed most translating?
 Exceptional, thought-provoking, lush and transformational work.  Normally I won’t translate a work unless it grabs me in some way.

Which author would you love to translate?
 Oh, too many to mention.  Franz Kafka, perhaps; possibly Robert Walser.  Unfortunately a whole slew of brilliant translators have beaten me to it.

If you were not a literary translator, what would you do?

Anything that’s creative.  As you know I’m also an author.


List of translated authors:

Erika Burkart, Werner Lutz, Ernst Halter, Klaus Merz, Andreas Neeser, Alexander Xaver Gwerder, Nathalie Schmid


DONAL MCLAUGHLIN'S AUTHORS & TRANSLATORS



These interviews are dedicated to the memory of Stella Rotenberg (1915-2013) who died on 3 July in Leeds (England). Born in Vienna, Stella fled to the UK in 1939. All of her work was written in exile. The Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft (Vienna) publishes her poetry and prose in German. In 2003, the Edinburgh Review published SHARDS, a bilingual edition of her poems, translated by Donal McLaughlin and Stephen Richardson.
Donal McLaughlin


Born in N. Ireland, Donal McLaughlin moved to Scotland as a child. His debut collection, an allergic reaction to national anthems & other stories (2009), was longlisted for the Frank O'Connor Short Story Award. In 2012, he featured in Best European Fiction (Dalkey Archive) both as a writer and a translator. His new collection, beheading the virgin mary & other stories, is due in 2014 (Dalkey). In 2013, his translation of Urs Widmer’s My Father’s Book (Seagull) was shortlisted for the Best Translated Book Award (USA).

He speaks German - and better French than he used to. He decided to answer our questions in English.


How did you start translating literature? What are “your” authors and languages?

By reading a lot as a kid, soon wanting to write, beginning to learn a first foreign language at eleven, and happily giving up both physics and chemistry to learn a second at thirteen. For the record, the state school I attended - in Paisley (Scotland) - offered French, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Greek and Latin. Try finding a school now that – not just ‘on paper’ – genuinely offers pupils the opportunity to specialise in languages!
My first assignment was a bilingual anthology to celebrate I can’t remember which anniversary of the twinning of Glasgow with Nuremberg. Ulrike Seeberger and I co-translated the book. I also first worked as an interpreter when the writers visited Glasgow.
I translate from German. Swiss fiction, mainly. ‘My’ only German author, currently, is the Iraqi-born writer Abbas Khider. I’ve just translated a novel written in dialect – Der Goalie bin ig by Pedro Lenz - into Glaswegian.

What do you like /dislike about your job as a literary translator?

What’s not to like? - I’m living the dream!

What is the most enriching experience you have had?

It’s impossible to identify just one. Handing Stella Rotenberg (now 98, then 88) a bilingual edition of her poems was certainly one. Touring India with Urs Widmer in January 2012, another. A month in the States with Christoph Simon in November 2012, yet another. Any reading with Arno Camenisch, Pedro Lenz or Abbas Khider would qualify too. Appearing with Pedro and his various translators at the Solothurner Literaturtage in 2012 is also right up there. As is interpreting, on stage, for Herta Müller at the Edinburgh  International Book Festival in the late 90s. As are the various workshops I’ve had the privilege of being part of: the vice-versa English-German / German-English workshops conducted by Karen Nölle and Shelley Frisch; those involving a Swiss author and his/her translators in Leuk annually; and the ‘Sommerakademie’ and the ‘Übersetzertreffen’ at the LCB in Berlin.

What made you feel closest to an author?

The rapport that grows with each get-together, each book  & each bilingual event.

What have you found most difficult to translate?
Work I’ve declined.

What have you enjoyed most translating?

The kind of work that has me constantly wanting to hug the author – for a particular passage or thought. Urs Widmer’s Frankfurt Lectures on Poetics – On Life, Death and This and That of the Rest (Seagull 2013) - often had that effect on me!
I’m always ‘up for’ a good story, a great poem, language used brilliantly. ‘My’ authors all spoil me in that respect. Monica Cantieni– whom I have recently translated for the first time (The Encyclopedia of Good Reasons) – was a joy to translate too.

Which author would you love to translate?

Franco Supino. The son of Italian immigrants to Switzerland, Franco writes in German.

If you were not a literary translator, what would you do?

Drive a taxi on Lanzarote. I’d avoid the resorts, though!


Authors: Extracts by over one hundred Swiss writers for the New Swiss Writing anthologies (2008-2011). Stella Rotenberg. Urs Widmer. Christoph Simon. Pedro Lenz. Arno Camenisch. Abbas Khider. Monica Cantieni.

__________


Have any of your books been translated? If so, into which languages?

Foreign publishers – like their British counterparts – don’t exactly queue up to do short story collections – but individual stories have been translated into Slovene, Spanish, German, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian and, most recently, Ukrainian. Extracts exist in French and Italian.


Have you had an opportunity to meet your translator personally or make contact with him or her?

I’ve had the privilege of meeting them all, yes.


How did the meeting or the contact go?

Well, of course. - Isn’t it always a great treat to meet ‘your’ translator(s)? I hope the fact I’m a fellow translator helps.


Is it difficult for you to entrust your literary work to a translator, or do you trust them blindly?

It’s not difficult to entrust your work to someone you instinctively trust, respect - and like! But since your phrase ‘trust blindly’ makes a simple ‘yes’ to that part of the question impossible, I’ll highlight one concern: it may be that, in the background, there is an editor or publisher or style sheet that insists on certain conventions when what Urs Widmer calls “deviations from the norm” - in his Frankfurt Lectures on Poetics - are what give my stories whatever life, warmth, music and colour they contain. I’ve been told – twice! - that a sentence of mine was “too ugly” for the editor. [Lots of laughs]. Makes ye wonder. Don’t it?


Have you ever heard someone reading extracts from your books in another language? What was your reaction?

I’ve just heard Andreas Jandl read an extract from ‘ohne zu wissen, was wird’ (‘surviving uncertain fates’) at the annual conference of German literary translators – and can’t wait to work more with the guy!
   Some years ago, I heard Valda Melgave’s husband read her version of ‘an allergic reaction to national anthems’ at the Prose Days festival in Riga. Andris works in radio - and his reading was an absolute treat. My Latvian doesn’t extend beyond labdien and paldies but I could SEE and HEAR that Valda had captured the story brilliantly. I knew at all times where Andris was in the story. His cadences and facial expressions were spot-on.


Do you feel you can assess the quality of a translation?

I’m reminded for some reason of a remark I once read about Ireland during the Troubles: “if you think you’ve got it all sussed, you definitely bloody haven’t!”
   I’ll settle for being able (hopefully) to assess my own work. And doing whatever it takes to make it good.


What languages would you most like to see your books translated into, and why?

German has to be the dream – for obvious reasons. A Swiss-German version would be tipp topp. I know of a Bulgarian publisher that I’d love to publish my stories. A tour of eastern Europe would certainly be part of the dream: I’ve met so many wonderful people there. Bosnian would mean a lot to me. Sarajevo touched me when I visited.
   On a lighter note, I’ve come across bookshops where I’d love to do readings: Karver, in Podgorica (named after Raymond C) and Livraria Lello, that gorgeous bookshop in Porto. So add Montenegrin & Portuguese to the list! For me, it’s not just about the book, you see. It’s about taking the stories out into the world and connecting with audiences.


What's the first thing that occurs to you when you think of the profession of literary translator?

Chick peas. (The need to enjoy eating them.)


ARUNAVA SINHA AND HIS AUTHORS



“The most enriching experience? When a book transported me to a place that I would never have visited on my own.
(…)
What I like most is that there is never writer’s block. A translator never runs dry on material. If one book or story or passage proves difficult at a particular point of time, it’s easy to switch to another. “

Arunava Sinha is an Indian literary translator. He speaks English, Bengali and Hindi. He decided to answer our questions in English.

How did you start translating literature? What are “your” authors and languages?
I began during my days at a city magazine named Calcutta Skyline in Calcutta (where Bengali is the dominant language). Because the city has a fine literary tradition in Bengali, we decided to publish short stories in translation to bring our readers a taste of literary Calcutta.
What do you like /dislike about your job as a literary translator?
What I like most is that there is never writer’s block. A translator never runs dry on material. If one book or story or passage proves difficult at a particular point of time, it’s easy to switch to another. 
What is the most enriching experience you have had?
Translating Dozakhnama (The Book of Hell) by Rabishankar Bal. It’s a complex story of art, creativity, history and passions told through the lives of the Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib and the Urdu short story writer Saadat Hasan Manto. Weaving their actual work into the narrative, the book transported me to a place that I would never have visited on my own.
What made you feel closest to an author?
Whenever I find myself stopping in the course of translating and just admiring the beauty of the words. I have consistently had this experience with Buddhadeva Bose, three of whose novels I have translated so far.
What have you found most difficult to translate?
Any work that is either over-crafted or over-sentimental. The English language does not lend itself well to either of these.
What have you enjoyed most translating?
Something that has not yet been published – and might never be. Some of the love poems of Sunil Gangopadhyay, which fuse an edgy modern sensibility with a deeply traditional yearning.
Which author would you love to translate?
Currently, I’ve set my sights on two writers from Bangladesh. Humayun Ahmed and Akhtaruzzaman Elias. Ahmed was an incredibly prolific writer, with extraordinary range and delightful insights. Elias wrote only two novels in his lifetime – and his Khwaabnama (The Book of Dreams) is the greatest challenge a translator from Bengali can expect to face in a lifetime. 
If you were not a literary translator, what would you do? 
I am only a part-time literary translator, though I would love to do it 24x7. Unfortunately, it doesn’t pay the bills, which means I have a day job as well of a different kind – running two online news portals. However, if I were not a translator at all, I would probably earn my living in the book publishing business.

List of some translated authors (not exhaustive): Rabisankar Bal,Anita Agnihotri,  Buddhadeva Bose, Samaresh Basu,Nabarun Bhattacharya, Rabindranath Tagore, Sankar.

ANGELA PRADELLI AND HER TRANSLATORS



“The first thing that comes to my mind when I think of literary translation is the capacity of the translator to listen to the breathing of the text being translated.”

Ángela Pradelli nació en Buenos Aires en 1959. Es profesora de Letras, escritora y periodista. Es autora de las novelas "Las cosas ocultas", "Amigas mías", "Turdera" y "El lugar del padre". Ha publicado, también, cuentos y poesías en distintas antologías. Recibió, entre otros, el Primer Premio en el Concurso Interamericano de Cuentos de la Fundación Avón (1999), el Premio Emecé de Novela (2002) y el Premio Clarín de Novela (2004).

[P.S. You can’t read Spanish? Next time you read a Spanish author in your language, remember the experience is made possible by a translator.]


¿Cuáles de sus libros han sido ya traducidos y en qué idiomas?

Amigas mías, al inglés, traducido por Andrea Labinger
El lugar del padre, al alemán, traducido por Marion Dick
Algunos capítulos de Amigas mías, al alemán, por Ana Abela y Susanne Wehrle
Un capítulo de El sentido de la lectura, al italiano, por Chiara Tana, al francés, por Jean Jacques Bretou y al alemán, por Marion Dick

¿Ha tenido algún contacto con los traductores o las traductoras y se ha reunido alguna vez con alguno(a) de ellos(as)?

He tenido contacto con todos ellos durante el tiempo en que traducían los textos, vía mail.

¿Cómo transcurrieron esos contactos?

Respondí a las preguntas que me hacían los traductores sobre significados específicos de algunas palabras en algunos casos, o sobre la trama. Fueron diálogos siempre muy interesantes para mí.

¿Le parece difícil dejar el producto de su espíritu en manos de un(a) traductor(a) o tiene una confianza incondicional en el trabajo de ellos(as)?

Tengo confianza en todos los traductores con los que trabajé, me da confianza que me pregunten y que conversemos sobre algunas aspectos del texto y también sobre las dudas.

¿Ha escuchado la lectura de uno de sus libros en un idioma diferente al original? ¿Cómo le pareció esa experiencia?

Sí, en alemán. Me parece fascinante oír el texto en otro idioma.

 ¿En qué idioma preferiría ser traducido y por qué?

Me gustaría mucho que mis libros se tradujeran al italiano y al francés.

¿Cuál le parece el aspecto más especial del oficio de traductor(a) literario(a)?

Saber escuchar la respiración del texto que se traduce.

ELIZABETA LINDNER AND HER AUTHORS



“Music has always been very important to me, so in the beginning, I started translating my favourite lyrics: Bauhaus, Joy Division or David Bowie. (...) Now I translate great literature for little money.
I like the state of literary trance between the languages.
I hate the fact that many people believe that it is normal to produce a text in any language, that everybody could do this, that literary translation is only a piece of service.”

Elizabeta Lindner is a Macedonian literary translator and publisher of the online-magazine for Macedonian literature in German www.slovokult.de. She speaks German, English and Serbian (Croatian). She decided to give answers to our questions in English.

How did you start translating literature? Which are “your” authors and languages?
Music has always been very important to me, so in the beginning, I started translating my favourite lyrics, which helped me understand them better. This made me realize that I actually loved how they sounded in my own language - I loved that! (regardless of the fact that my translations were not thoroughly true and proper to the original). It was a nice hobby - I could sit for hours with the lyrics of Bauhaus, Joy Division or David Bowie. In the subsequent period, I didn't have time for this hobby, because I was trying to find my profession. After I was rejected by the Art Academy in Vienna - where I wanted to study fashion design - I fell in love with the German language and started studying this language and its literature at the University in Skopje. This is where I took up translation very seriously in order to obtain high marks. In 2001, I graduated at the Faculty of Philology and moved to Germany, where I pursued my studies in the area of German literature and Slavic languages, in order to further delve into the language of literature. Afterwards, I had to find a professional publisher in Skopje, which was not an easy task. Finally, from 2009 up until today, my great love for the profession brought me to it: I translate great literature for little money. My authors are Thomas Bernhard, Wilhelm Genazino, Benjamin Stein, Ingo Schulze, Adolf Muschg, Michael Krüger. In addition, I translated a few poems by Rilke, and a novel by David Albahari from Serbian into Macedonian. I have also engaged in translating poems and theatre plays into German, and up until now, I have translated some works by Katica Kjulavkova, Jovica Ivanovski and Igor Isakovski, as well as certain plays from Zhanina Mircevska and Goce Smilevski.
What do you like /dislike about your job as a literary translator?
I like the state of literary trance between the languages. The feeling of levitating in-between, of being a linguistic and cultural medium that connects with the spirit of the author for one big purpose: to transfer, express and produce his art in the same way, but in a different language.
I like the feeling when the book is finished, it looks nice and I can hold it in my hands, open it, and read a segment. I love to be able to feel my work and look inside it to prove to myself that I have done a good job.
However, I dislike many things. I dislike the fact that literary translators have to do other jobs in order to survive. Or the fact that being a DJ, reader or some other kind of entertainment person is considered far more „artistic“ and recognised than being a literary translator. The fact that many people believe that it is normal to produce a text in any language, that everybody could do this, that literary translation is only a piece of service. The fact that not everybody realises that a translated text is intellectual property and the fact that in Macedonia they still translate German authors from the Serbian and Croatian translations. I could go on, but I guess this is enough.
What is the most enriching experience you have had?
Well, every book is an enriching experience of some sort. However, there is no doubt that producing a good translation of a favourite book and author is a wonderful experience which brings great satisfaction, happiness and spiritual climax. For me, I would say it was Thomas Bernhard. However, he is the only author I have translated who is no longer alive. To meet the author and have some nice chat with him is certainly an enriching experience, as well as the exchange with the colleagues. 
What made you feel closest to an author?
 The words and pictures described that make me laugh or smile, which are mostly some ironic, strong, crazy or absurd expressions. I love them. Or any other beautiful thoughts packed in the art of the language.  
What have you found most difficult to translate?
 The names of plants, birds or animals. I love them, but I don't know their names, and it is very difficult to find them in Macedonian. But I am very happy that we’ve got the Internet, so I am not getting too desperate trying to find the specialized literature in Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, neither do I have to spend hours over thick botanical and zoological books in an effort to find those names, instead of being in my state of trance in translation. Sometimes, it is the style which is very difficult. Some stories by Adolf Muschg were a (translator’s) nightmare for me. This is certainly true for some of the poems as well; if I choose them, it means I have to be able to translate them; sometimes however, I can feel them and understand their meaning, but I can't transfer them into another language. Not every poem is translatable, and I don't like free adaption. Mostly it doesn’t work properly. 
What have you enjoyed most translating?
Macedonian is a small language, and Macedonia was part of Yugoslavia for a very long time. At that period, there existed three official languages: the biggest, Serbo-Croatian and two small languages, Macedonian and Slovenian. Since the cultural policy of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was oriented towards saving money, the books we mostly read were translated only into Serbo-Croatian. This is the reason why not so many books have been translated into Macedonian. In a way, I am lucky! I can choose the books that I translate. My publisher trusts me as well, and so we are making some remarkable books.
Which author would you love to translate?
If I had enough time and money, I would gladly translate E.T.A. Hoffman „Die Elixiere des Teufels“, Gustav Mayrink „Der Golem“, some books by Gerschom Scholem and some more poems by Rilke.
If you were not a literary translator, what would you do?
I would be some artist, I guess. Or I would go for a PhD. And of course, I would be a DJ.

List of some translated authors:
Walter Vogt, Wilhelm Genazino, Ingo Schulze, Thomas Bernhard, Benjamin Stein, Michael Krüger, Rainer Maria Rilke, Adolf Muschg, David Albahari, Goce Smilevski, Jovica Ivanoski, Igor Isavoski, 

DAVIDE LONGO AND HIS TRANSLATORS




© Foto: Paolo Giagheddu

"Literary translation implies curiosity for different worlds and countries, willingness to research, mental flexibility, capacity to get in touch with the style and thus the language and thus the person of the writer."

[P.S. You can't read Italian? Next time you read an Italian author in your language, remember the experience is made possible by a translator.]

Davide Longo è nato a Carmagnola, non lontano da Torino.
Nel 2001 ha pubblicato il romanzo Un mattino a Irgalem con il quale ha vinto il Premio Grinzane opera prima e il Premio Via Po. Dello stesso anno è il libro per bambini Il Laboratorio di Pinot. Nel 2004 è uscito il suo secondo romanzo Il Mangiatore di Pietre, Premio Città di Bergamo e del Premio Viadana. È regista di documentari, autore di testi teatrali (Pietro Fuoco e Cobalto, Il lavoro Cantato, Ballata di un Amore Italiano, About Fenoglio) e autore radiofonico per RadioRai (Centolire, Luoghi non Comuni). Ha scritto per numerosi giornali e riviste.
Nel gennaio 2010 è uscito il suo terzo romanzo L’Uomo Verticale, vincitore del Premio Lucca. Dal 2012 è Ballata di un amore italiano.
Attualmente vive a Torino dove insegna scrittura presso la Scuola Holden.



Davide, quali dei tuoi libri sono già stati tradotti e in quali lingue?

I miei libri tradotti sono Un mattino a Iraglem, Il mangiatore di pietre e L’uomo verticale. Sono tradotti in spagnolo, olandese, inglese, francese, tedesco. Tra poco anche in cinese e portoghese.


I miei traduttori sono Pieter van der Drift, Catherine Baldisserri, Silvester Mazzarella, Dominique Vittoz, Barbara Kleiner, Suse Vetterlein, Patricia Orts.


Hai mai avuto occasione di incontrare i tuoi traduttori o comunicare con loro?

Ho incontrato occasionalmente alcuni miei traduttori e stretto un’amicizia con il mio traduttore olandese Pieter van der Drift e la sua famiglia.


Come si sono svolti questi scambi?

Durante le traduzioni dei miei libri spesso il traduttore si è messo in contatto con me via mail per sottopormi alcune questioni o dubbi. Sono sempre stati scambi molto produttivi, anche per me, come autore. Ho imparato molto.


È difficile per te affidare una delle tue creature in mano a un traduttore o hai fiducia incondizionata nel loro lavoro?

Non troppo, mi fido abbastanza dei traduttori, anche perché so che all’estero si tratta di una competenza e una parte del lavoro molto curata.


Hai mai sentito una lettura di brani del tuo libro in un’altra lingua? Qual è stata la tua reazione?

Sì, ho sentito spesso leggere i miei libri in altre lingue, durante i tour di presentazione all’estero. Ovviamente ci sono lingue come l’inglese e il francese in cui riesco a seguire la lettura, mentre altre che mi sono del tutto sconosciute. In tutti i casi ho una piacevole sensazione di stupore. Le lingue in cui preferisco sentire le letture, perché hanno un suono particolarmente adatto a rendere la secchezza della mia scrittura sono il tedesco e l’olandese.


Hai la sensazione di riuscire ad apprezzare la qualità della traduzione?

In inglese e in francese sì. Nelle altre lingue non ho conoscenze sufficienti.


Qual è la lingua in cui più desideri possano essere tradotti i tuoi libri e perché?

Per ragioni commerciali ovviamente l’inglese, per ragioni sentimentali mi piacerebbero anche traduzioni in lingue parlate in piccole comunità.


Che cosa ti colpisce di più della professione del traduttore letterario?

Ciò che più mi colpisce sono la curiosità verso realtà e paesi diversi, la volontà di ricerca, l’elasticità mentale, la capacità di entrare in contatto con la scrittura e dunque il linguaggio e dunque la persona dello scrittore.


(Post kindly made possible by Manon Smits)

ISABEL BOGDAN AND HER AUTHORS



Fotograf: Klaus Friese

“I love (…) to be creative with the language. I love it when you puzzle over a sentence and then have a sudden inspiration.
But it's also important to accept that sometimes even the best solution is not necessarily a good one, cause that’s simply the way languages are. (…)
I get the feeling that a whole lot of translators are still curious even at an old age; possibly they become translators because of their innate curiosity, or maybe it’s the other way around, i.e. they keep their curiosity because they are translators.”


Isabel Bogdan is a German literary translator. She speaks English. She decided to answer our questions in German.


Wie hast du mit dem  literarischen Übersetzen angefangen? Aus welchen Sprachen übersetzt du, und welche Autorinnen und Autoren?

Ich habe Japanologie und Anglistik studiert. Das letzte, was ich aus dem Japanischen übersetzt habe, war vor 12 Jahren ein chemisches Versuchsprotokoll über Schimmelbildung an Bambus. Danach habe ich zweierlei beschlossen: erstens kein Japanisch mehr, und zweitens keine Fachübersetzungen mehr. Und dann habe ich mit Büchern eher klein angefangen, mit populären Ratgebern über Balkonbepflanzug und Yoga, Kindersachbücher, von da aus ging es über die leichte Frauenunterhaltung weiter, und inzwischen übersetze ich zum Beispiel Megan Abbott, Jasper Fforde und Jonathan Evison. Mein berühmtestes Buch ist sicher “Tiere essen” von Jonathan Safran Foer, das ich zusammen mit Brigitte Jakobeit und Ingo Herzke übersetzt habe.


Was magst du am Übersetzerberuf besonders, und was gar nicht?

Ich mag die konzentrierte Arbeit am Text, das Erschaffen eines neuen Texts in meiner Sprache, den kreativen Umgang mit der Sprache. Ich mag es, an einer einzigen Formulierung, an einem Wortspiel oder so etwas herumzudenken, bis der Geistesblitz für die einzige wahre Lösung kommt. Oder die Erkenntnis, dass es nur eine beste, aber keine gute Lösung gibt, denn so sind Sprachen nun mal, das ist doch toll. Ich mag es, den Figuren eine eigene Sprache zu geben, mir zu überlegen, wer wie spricht (in der wörtlichen Rede, aber auch bei Erzählerstimmen, natürlich). Und ich mag auch, dass ich nicht die volle Verantwortung habe, dass ich mir keine Geschichte und keine Figuren ausdenken muss, dass schon alles da ist. Manchmal.
Und dann mag ich diesen letzten Punkt wieder nicht. Dann würde ich gern eingreifen und es anders machen.
Was ich auch nicht mag, ist die Einsamkeit am Schreibtisch. Eigentlich bin ich zu kommunikativ, um den ganzen Tag allein vor dem Rechner zu sitzen.


Was war für dich die größte Bereichung?

Das sind viele, auf ganz unterschiedlichen Ebenen.
Zum einen ist man als Übersetzerin dauernd gezwungen, sich mit Themen zu beschäftigen, mit denen man sich von allein vielleicht nicht beschäftigt hätte. Ich liebe diesen erratischen Haufen von sinnlosem Halbwissen, der sich über die Jahre ansammelt. Mein Eindruck ist, dass überdurchschnittlich viele Übersetzer bis ins Alter neugierig bleiben – mag sein, dass sie wegen angeborener Neugierde Übersetzer geworden sind, aber kann auch gut sein, dass sie durch das Übersetzen neugierig geblieben sind. Das ist toll.
Was die eigentliche Arbeit angeht, empfinde ich Übersetzerzusammenkünfte immer als sehr bereichernd. Seminare, Workshops, unsere Jahrestagung, da sind lauter kluge Leute, die über dieselben Themen nachdenken wie ich, und die gemeinsame Textarbeit ist immer ausgesprochen kollegial und gewinnbringend.
Das bereicherndste Buch unter meinen Übersetzungen war vielleicht tatsächlich “Tiere essen”, denn es hat einiges ausgelöst. Erst hat es meine Essgewohnheiten bereichert, und dann in der Folge dafür gesorgt, dass ich nicht nur in Sachen Lebensmittel mehr über mein Konsumverhalten nachdenke.


Wann fühlst du dich einem/r Autor/in besonders nah?

Ich glaube, für mich ist der Grad der Nähe nicht so unterschiedlich. Ich muss ja ausdrücken, was jemand anderes gedacht hat, ich muss also sowieso in den Kopf der Autorin kriechen. Allerdings sind meine Gefühle dabei sehr unterschiedlich, von hemmungsloser Bewunderung über Verständnis oder Genervtheit bis hin zu echter Wut. Je größer meine grundsätzliche Bewunderung ist, desto eher bin ich bereit, einer Autorin Fehler zu verzeihen.


Was ist für dich am schwierigsten zu übersetzen?

Am schwierigsten ist es, wenn man ein Buch nicht mag. Das sollte man unbedingt vermeiden, man sollte immer erst einen guten Teil des Buches gelesen haben, bevor man einen Vertrag unterschreibt, aber manchmal klappt das eben nicht, und dann sitzt man schlimmstenfalls mit einem Buch da, das man (aus was für Gründen auch immer) nicht leiden kann. Dann wird es hart, da hilft nur “Augen zu und durch”, da muss man Profi sein und sich irgendetwas Nettes über den Autor oder das Buch überlegen, an dem man sich festhalten kann.


Was hast du am allerliebsten übersetzt?

Meistens das Buch, mit dem ich zuletzt fertig geworden bin. Im Moment Dagmara Domińczyks “Lullaby of Polish Girls”, demnächst wird es Jonathan Evisons “Revised Fundamentals of Caregiving” sein.
Ein All-time-favorite ist “Das Vermächtnis des Shalom Shepher” von Tamar Yellin, das leider das vollkommen falsche Cover bekommen hat und entsprechend untergegangen ist. Don’t judge a book by its cover, es ist ein wirklich wundervolles, kluges, poetisches Buch.


Welche/n Autor/in würdest du gern übersetzen?

Jonathan Safran Foer, Jasper Fforde, Megan Abbott, Tamar Yellin, Jonathan Evison, Andrew Taylor, Dagmara Domińczyk.

  
Wenn du nicht Übersetzerin wärst, was wärst du dann?

Ich würde auf jeden Fall etwas mit Sprache machen – vielleicht wäre ich Journalistin oder Autorin. (Ein bisschen bin ich auch Autorin.) Journalistin wäre ich gern, weil man da im Arbeitsalltag mehr Kontakt zu anderen hat, glaube ich, das ist nicht ganz so einsam.


Übersetzte Autor/innen (u.a.): Jonathan Safran Foer, Jasper Fforde, Megan Abbott, Tamar Yellin, Jonathan Evison, Andrew Taylor, Dagmara Domińczyk.

CYNAN JONES AND HIS TRANSLATORS



Alice Fiorilli ( http://www.alicefiorilli.it/ )

“When you don’t have anycontact at all with a translator it’s worrying.

The key thing is that the sentiment remains whatever happens to the language.

[Literary translators act] In loco parentis.”

Cynan Jones was born in Wales in 1975. He is the author of The Long Dry (2006), Everything I Found on the Beach (2011) and Bird, Blood, Snow (2012). Other work has appeared in various anthologies and publications including Granta and New Welsh Review.

His story The Dig, from the forthcoming novel of the same name (Granta, 2014), was shortlisted for the Sunday Times EFG Private Bank Short Story Award 2013 and won the readers’ vote.


Have any of your books been translated? If so, into which languages?

The Long Dry has been translated into Italian, French and Arabic and there’s talk of a Turkish translation alongside my latest book The Dig, (which is due out Spring 2014).

Out onto the Water is translated into Italian, but not published in English. (!)

A French translation of Everything I Found on the Beachis due later in 2013.

There’s also The Buzzard– a short story written for the Scritture Giovanni project 2008. It was translated into German, Turkish and Italian as part of the project.


Have you had an opportunity to meet your translator personally or make contact
with him or her?

I was lucky enough to meet both Mona de Pracontal– my French translator, and Gioia Guerzoni, who worked on the Italian translations of my books.

While I try to write stories that could happen anywhere, the setting is key. With the support of Wales Literature Exchange both Mona and Gioia visited Wales, which meant they could get a proper feel for the environment here. Without a doubt that fed into their excellent translations.


How did the meeting or the contact go?

They liked good food. That made it easy.


Is it difficult for you to entrust your literary work to a translator, or do you trust them blindly?

It was clear from the start that Mona and Gioia felt a sense of parenthood towards the books they work on. When you feel that from someone, you trust them implicitly.

When you don’t have any contact at all with a translator it’s worrying.

When great translators like Gioia and Mona need to ask questions, it’s unnerving when someone doesn’t.

The Turkish translator translated ‘buzzard’ as vulture. That’s lazy translation. There are no vultures in Wales.


Have you ever heard someone reading extracts from your books in another
language? What was your reaction?

I heard The Buzzard in German. It was powerful. But it was also read by an actress, so she was able to dramatise it beautifully, and give it timing.

I’ve heard some extracts of The Long Dry in Italian.

The key thing is that the sentiment remains whatever happens to the language. Language has to get a meaning somewhere. I don’t think it’s an end in itself. Being musical, the act of speaking can retain power even when you have no idea what the words mean.


Do you feel you can assess the quality of a translation?

I have good friends in Italy and France. They tell me how good the translation is.

Without a native speaker, and one who can speak English well enough to have read the original, I don’t think you can truly assess.


What languages would you most like to see your books translated into, and why?

It’s amazing to have a book taken into another language. Genuinely, no one language thrills me more than another.

The most amazing thing is understanding that the story you have written has relevance outside your own context.

There’s something extraordinary about the Arabic version though, because even visually it’s utterly foreign. So perhaps another language that doesn’t use our alphabet.


What's the first thing that occurs to you when you think of the profession of literary translator?

In loco parentis.


ROSIE PINHAS-DELPUECH AND HER AUTHORS



« Traduire et écrire sont pour moi l’endroit et l’envers d’une même activité. 
L’auteur que j’aimerais traduire ? Un auteur que j’attends, qui n’a pas encore écrit son plus beau livre, une surprise comme une histoire d’amour inconnue qui m’attend à l’horizon.
Je fais exactement ce que j’avais envie de faire. Traduire et écrire, être plongée toute la journée jusqu’au cou dans la littérature. »

Rosie Pinhas-Delpuech est traductrice littéraire Française et Israélienne. Elle parle français, turc, hébreu, anglais. Elle a décidé de répondre à nos questions en français.

Comment avez-vous commencé à traduire la littérature ? Qui sont « vos auteurs » et quelles sont « vos » langues ?
J’ai commencé à traduire de l’hébreu à l’âge de quarante ans, après avoir enseigné la littérature française et la philosophie à l’université pendant quinze ans. C’est la peur d’oublier l’hébreu et l’envie d’être en prise plus directe avec la littérature qui m’a fait commencer à traduire. J’ai voulu faire connaître en France et en français des écrivains israéliens qui m’importaient : Yaacov Shabtaï, Yehoshua Kenaz, Orly Castel-Bloom, Etgar Keret, Ronit Matalonet d’autres. Je traduis aussi du turc un auteur qui m’importe, Sait Faik Abasiyanik. C’est un nouvelliste de renom, mort en 1955, sa langue et ses nouvelles me renvoient à mon enfance turque.

Qu’est-ce que vous aimez/n’aimez pas de votre travail de traductrice littéraire ?
J’adore mon travail de traductrice. Il n’y a rien que je n’aime pas. C’est une vraie passion littéraire. J’aime inventer à chaque fois en français un style particulier, celui de l’auteur que je traduis. C’est ce travail d’invention d’une forme et d’un style inédits qui me passionne.

Quelle est l’expérience la plus enrichissante que vous ayez eue ?
En 1992, j’ai publié une traduction, Pour inventairede Yaacov Shabtaï aux éditions Actes Sud. Ce travail m’a engagée pour le restant de ma vie dans la traduction et l’écriture. L’expérience a donné naissance à mon premier livre, Insomnia, une traduction nocturne (Actes Sud, 1998) et depuis, traduire et écrire sont pour moi l’endroit et l’envers d’une même activité.

Qu’est-ce qui vous a fait sentir plus proche d’un auteur ?
J’aime tous les auteurs que je traduis. Je me sens proche du chemin qu’ils parcourent en écrivant. C’est ce chemin que j’essaie de reconstituer pas à pas.

Qu’avez-vous trouvé particulièrement difficile à traduire ?
Je ne sais pas. Tout est difficile, fatigant, mais passionnant. Il n’est pas facile de rentrer tous les matins dans la tête et les chaussures d’un étranger : l’auteur que l’on traduit. C’est un effort quotidien épuisant.

Qu’avez-vous aimé le plus traduire?
Tous les auteurs que j’ai cités et pour lesquels j’ai inventé un style en français.

Quel auteur aimeriez-vous traduire?
Un auteur que j’attends, qui n’a pas encore écrit son plus beau livre, une surprise comme une histoire d’amour inconnue qui m’attend à l’horizon.

Si vous n’étiez pas traductrice littéraire, que feriez-vous?
Je fais exactement ce que j’avais envie de faire. Traduire et écrire, être plongée toute la journée jusqu’au cou dans la littérature.



Auteurs traduits : Yaacov Shabtaï, Yehoshua Kenaz,Ronit Matalon, Orly Castel-Bloom, Etgar Keret, David Grossman, Batya Gour, Dror Burstein, Binyamin Tammouz, Yeshayahou Koren, Yoram Kaniuk, Alona Kimhi, Rutu Modan, Nurit Zarhi.

MELANIA MAZZUCCO AND HER TRANSLATORS



“Translating has a lot in common with writing. Translators handle words. They are aware of their weight, they know that getting one single word wrong can make a whole sentence plunge and that the wrong rhythm can ruin a whole novel. They know that what really counts is the book’s tone – which is the writer’s voice.”

[P.S. You can't read Italian? Next time you read an Italian author in your language, remember the experience is made possible by a translator.] 

Melania G. Mazzucco nasce a Roma nel 1966. Esordisce con il romanzo Il bacio della Medusa (1996), a cui fa seguito La camera di Baltus (1998). Del 2000 è Lei cosí amata, sulla scrittrice Annemarie Schwarzenbach, della quale poi cura e traduce la raccolta di racconti La gabbia dei falconi (2007). In Vita (2003, Premio Strega) reinventa la storia di emigrazione in America della sua famiglia all'inizio del Novecento. Il romanzo ha grande fortuna in Italia e all'estero. Nel 2005 pubblica Un giorno perfetto, da cui il regista Ferzan Ozpetek trae l'omonimo film. Al pittore veneziano Tintoretto Melania Mazzucco dedica il romanzo La lunga attesa dell'angelo (2008, Premio Bagutta) e Jacomo Tintoretto & i suoi figli. Storia di una famiglia veneziana (2009, Premio Comisso), biografia del maestro e dell'amatissima figlia Marietta, che ricostruisce centocinquant'anni di storia di Venezia. Nel gennaio 2011 riceve il Premio letterario Viareggio - Tobino come Autore dell'Anno. Nel 2012, per Einaudi, pubblica Limbo (Supercoralli e Super ET 2013) e Il bassotto e la Regina (L'Arcipelago).


Melania, quali dei tuoi libri sono già stati tradotti e in quali lingue?

Tutti i miei romanzi, qualche racconto e anche alcuni miei radiodrammi sono stati tradotti all’estero. Non sempre negli stessi paesi e dagli stessi editori. E non tutti in tutte le lingue che elencherò qui sotto. Ogni libro ha una storia a sé.
Nelle lingue seguenti sono disponibili alcune mie opere: coreano, ebraico, finlandese, francese, greco, inglese, nederlandese, norvegese, polacco, russo, rumeno, serbo, spagnolo, svedese, tedesco, turco, ungherese. In cinese è tradotto qualche capitolo della Lunga attesa dell’angelo, in russo è in traduzione Un giorno perfetto e in portoghese Re Lear. La lunga attesa dell’angelo sarà pubblicato in danese nell’autunno 2013.  

Hai mai avuto occasione di incontrare i tuoi traduttori o comunicare con loro?

Ho conosciuto o sono entrata in corrispondenza con quasi tutti i miei traduttori.
E invito quelli che non l’hanno fatto a farsi vivi.

Eccoli qui:

DANESE: Marie Andersen
EBRAICO: Arno Baher; (Un giorno perfetto è uscito con Kinneret, non so leggere il nome del traduttore)
FINLANDESE: Taru Nystrom-Abeille
FRANCESE: Philippe Giraudon; Philippe Di Meo; Dominique Vittoz 
GRECO:  Peppa Konstantina; Demetra Dotsi
INGLESE: Virginia Jewiss
NEDERLANDESE: Manon Smits
NORVEGESE:  Kristin Gjerpe
POLACCO Monika Wozniak; Joanna Wachowiak
RUMENO Oana Bosca-Malin; Alina e Cristian Hutan
SPAGNOLO Atilio Pentimalli-Melacrino; Xavier Gonzalez Rovira
SERBO: Andela Milivojevic
SVEDESE: Madeleine Gustafsson
TEDESCO: Jutta Prasse; Gesa Schroder ; Karin Fleischanderl; Birte Volker
TURCO: Meryem Mine çilingiroglu; Alev Sumer
UNGHERESE: Karoline Nagy; Judit Gal


Come si sono svolti questi scambi?

Inizialmente, sono stata contattata per lettera o via e-mail. I traduttori mi hanno rivolto domande, chiesto di chiarire dubbi o punti oscuri. Ho preparato ‘manuali’ – spiegando parole di gergo, lessico specialistico o dialetto, e riferimenti alla cultura (libri, musica, arte), al folclore, o alla vita politica italiana che all’estero potevano risultare incomprensibili.
Appena c’è stata occasione ci siamo poi incontrati di persona – o perché io venivo invitata dall’editore straniero alla Fiera del Libro locale, o presso festival, convegni, seminari universitari o in altre circostanze, oppure perché il traduttore si trovava in Italia. Talvolta, quando il traduttore ha seguito due, tre, talvolta quattro miei libri, la conoscenza professionale è diventata amicizia.


È difficile per te affidare una delle tue creature in mano a un traduttore o hai fiducia incondizionata nel loro lavoro?

Ho fiducia. Rispetto sempre il lavoro altrui. Talvolta sono i traduttori stessi a scegliere i miei libri - o proponendoli all’editore di cui sono anche consulenti, o perché l’editore propone loro vari titoli italiani, e fra quelli prendono il mio. Di solito questo è garanzia di sintonia.
A volte però è un caso – e quando non ti scegli, può capitare anche che un traduttore non entri in sintonia col mio modo di scrivere, il mio stile. Ma io spesso lo apprendo solo anni dopo, quando, trovandomi in un paese, incontro dei lettori che mi hanno letto in un’altra lingua, e mi esprimono gradimento o disappunto per la traduzione.


Hai mai sentito una lettura di brani del tuo libro in un’altra lingua? Qual è stata la tua reazione?

Sì, mi è capitato più volte. Quando la lettura è fatta in una lingua che capisco (francese, inglese, spagnolo o tedesco), riesco ad apprezzarne il ritmo e l’armonia. E’ come ascoltare in concerto una partitura che conosco bene. Il violinista o il pianista eseguirà p.e. Brahms o Chopin secondo il suo stile, ma io so cosa sta suonando.     
Quando invece la lettura è in una lingua per me ignota, che so, il finlandese, l’ebraico... è un’esperienza del tutto diversa – strana e affascinante come ascoltare una musica ignota, con sonorità inedite e strumenti musicali di cui non conosco le regole.


Hai la sensazione di riuscire ad apprezzare la qualità della traduzione?

La mia conoscenza delle lingue - con l’eccezione del francese - è un po’ selvaggia. Le ho apprese da autodidatta, e spesso solo leggendo. Il tedesco e lo spagnolo per esempio non so parlarli. Ho un buon orecchio e sono sensibile al suono delle parole. Dunque sono in grado di valutare la correttezza o la precisione del lessico, forse l’eleganza della prosa, ma non davvero di capire cosa non funziona. Sento solo lo ‘stridore’ – qualcosa fuori posto. Ma non saprei correggere la nota falsa.  


Qual è la lingua in cui più desideri possano essere tradotti i tuoi libri e perché?

Mi piacerebbe molto che i miei romanzi fossero tradotti in portoghese, lingua in cui invece è in traduzione solo un mio libro per ragazzi. Il Portogallo e il Brasile hanno una letteratura grandiosa e molti autori che ammiro: quindi mi piacerebbe confrontarmi coi lettori che si sono formati, che so, su Amado, Saramago e Pessoa. L’altra grande lingua che dolorosamente mi manca è il giapponese. Anche per questa letteratura vale ciò che ho detto per quella brasiliana e portoghese. Aggiungo il farsi, per il grande amore che porto all’Iran, e l’arabo, lingua madre di centinaia di milioni di persone, e di popoli così affini al mio.


Che cosa ti colpisce di più della professione del traduttore letterario?

Le affinità con la mia. Il traduttore maneggia parole. Sa quanto pesano, sa come sbagliarne una può far crollare una frase, e sbagliare il ritmo può distruggere il romanzo. Sa che ciò che conta è il tono di un libro – che è la voce di uno scrittore. Mancare il tono di una traduzione – ma anche di un romanzo – significa mancare il libro.

[Post kindly sent in by Manon Smits]

MAHMOUD HOSSEINI ZAD AND HIS AUTHORS


Bild; GI- Bernhard Ludewig
S. Mahmoud Hosseini Zad has just been awarded the 2013 Goethe Medal for outstanding services for the German language and international cultural relations.
“Literary translation has helped me find my own literary style as an author.”

S. Mahmoud Hosseini Zad is an Iranian literary translator. He speaks Persian and German. He decided to answer our questions in German.

Wie haben Sie mit dem literarischen Übersetzen angefangen?
Ich habe immer viel gelesen, schon in der Schule, ich wollte auch immer „schreiben“, dann fing ich irgendwann  an, Stücke zu schreiben! ! Einfache Einfalle und Bilder, szenisch umgesetzt!! Aber es blieb bei 1-2 Versuchen. Später, als ich noch in Deutschland studierte, fing ich an, zu übersetzen.  Meine erste Übersetzung war auch das erste Werk von B. Brecht, ein kleines Stück, das Brecht angeblich als Schüler geschrieben hatte.

Aus welchen Sprachen übersetzen Sie, und welche Autorinnen und Autoren?

Ich übersetzte Deutsch – Persisch – Deutsch.
Wie fast alle Deutschuebersetzer, habe ich auch Brecht , Böll, Kafka, Dürrenmatt... übersetzt! Aber seit einigen Jahren ausschließlich die deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur: Judith Herrmann, Ingo Schulze, Peter Stamm, Uwe Timm, Urs Widmer...

Was mögen Sie am Übersetzerberuf besonders, und was gar nicht?

Ich übersetze sehr gern. Ich kann mir vorstellen, dass viele Kollegen, die Auftragsarbeiten erledigen müssen, z.B Verlagsauftraege, etwas unzufrieden sind. Aber ich habe während dieser langen Jahre, mehr als 40 ! keinen „Literaturuebersetzungsauftrag“ angenommen.  Ich habe immer im literarischen Bereich  nur das übersetzt, was ich für interessant, lesenswert, gut... gefunden habe,  was mir einfach gefallen hat.

Was war für Sie die größte Bereichung?

Einmal das Interesse und die Aufmerksamkeit für meine Arbeit in Iran. Deutschsprachige Literatur war in Iran tatsächlich in einer respektvollen Ecke! Alle sagten „eine tolle Literatur“! aber kaum  übersetzt und gelesen. Nur sehr bekannte Namen. Aber meine Übersetzungen aus der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur haben ein bereites Publikum gefunden.
Dann meine persönliche,  für meine Arbeit als Schriftsteller sehr nützliche, sprachliche  Erfahrung. Ich bin selbst Schriftsteller und die Auseinandersetzung mit der „Sprache“ beim Übersetzen, hat mir  viele neue „Türe“ geöffnet! Mir geholfen, meinen sprachlichen Stil zu finden.

Wann fühlen Sie sich einem/r Autor/in besonders nah?

Wenn der Autor das bzw. die von mir auch favorisierten Themen behandelt, Themen, die sozusagen auch meine Themen sind,  die  auch ich als Autor behandele. Dann natürlich die Sprache.  Eine Sprache spricht mich an, die keine Wortspielereien hat, die eine erfahrene und überzeugende Sprache ist, die ihre Ausdrucksfähigkeit in ihrer Schlichtheit hat, und nicht in ihrer künstlichen Struktur.

Was ist für Sie am schwierigsten zu übersetzen?

Wenn ein Schriftsteller, - und das  war und ist besonders bei deutschen Autoren sehr beliebt!- anfängt, statt Literatur, philosophische Abhandlungen zu schreiben, sich in die Ecken und Winkel des Gehirns seiner Protagonisten zu verlieren!!
Aber es gab auch andere Arten von Problemen. Z.B. manche Theaterstücke von Brecht, bei denen ich versuchte, „seine“ Sprache und „seine“ Ideologie wiederzugeben. Oder z.B. „Am Beispiel meines Bruders“ von Uwe Timm, er hat verschiedene Sprachschichten, selbst in einem kurzen Abschnitt. Und überhaupt: Persisch und Deutsch haben zwei völlig unterschiedliche Sprachsysteme!

Was haben Sie am allerliebsten übersetzt?

Meinen Sie unter den bisherigen Übersetzungen?  „Der Richter und sein Henker“ von F. Dürrenmatt,  „Agnes“ von P. Stamm, „Alice“ von Judith  Herrmann,  einige Erzählungen in „Handy“ von I. Schulze,..... und noch mehr.

Welche/n Autor/in würden Sie gern übersetzen?

 Die Autoren, die ich übersetzt habe,  würde ich gern weiter übersetzen. Ich übersetze die deutsche Gegenwartsliteratur, aber möchte gern Robert Walser übersetzen.

Wenn Sie nicht Übersetzer/in wären, was wären Sie dann?

Ich habe viele Jobs und Berufe gehabt! Lehrer und Dozent war ich immer gern!



DANIELA KAPITANOVA AND HER TRANSLATORS




“Perhaps now, when everyone has access to Google Translate, people will finally realize that a good translation does not involve merely translating words but discovering the strengths and resources of languages.”



Daniela Kapitáňová was born 30 July 1956 in Komárno, a Slovak town on the Danube, near the Hungarian border, now based in the Slovak capital, Bratislava. She came to fiction fairly late in life. She was trained as a theatre director in Prague, and directed in both Slovak and Czech theatres. She works for the Slovak Radio, producing programmes on literature, with focus on crime fiction, writes essays for the daily Pravda and teaches creative writing at the University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra.


[This post was kindly sent in AND translated by Julia Sherwood]

Have any of your books been translated? If so, into which languages?

So far I’ve been lucky (we usually knock on wood three times, so as not to speak too soon, and that’s what I’m doing now) – all three books I’ve written have been translated. My two crime stories have been translated into in Czech and Italian, and my novel Samko Tále’s Cemetery Book has appeared in English, Czech, German, Swedish, French, Belarusian, Arabic, Turkish and Japanese.
Have you had an opportunity to meet your translator personally or make contact with him or her?

I’ve always been in e-mail contact with all my translators, to make sure we work out any problems that might come up, and I have also met most of them face to face.
How did the meeting or the contact go?                                                                                        
Very well, without exception. At least that’s how I feel about it and I very much hope that the translators who have worked on my texts feel the same way.
Is it difficult for you to entrust your literary work to a translator, or do you trust them blindly?

I don’t find this difficult and I do trust them.
Have you ever heard someone reading extracts from your books in another language? What was your reaction?

I have, and the less familiar the language was, the more I enjoyed it.


Do you feel you can assess the quality of a translation?

No.

What languages would you most like to see your books translated into, and why?

The language I miss most is Hungarian. I would love to hear how this ornate language copes with my economical style.

What's the first thing that occurs to you when you think of the profession of literary translator?

That perhaps now, when everyone has access to Google Translate, people will finally realize that a good translation does not involve merely translating words but discovering the strengths and resources of languages.




Slovak

Vyšli Vám nejaké knihy v preklade? Ak áno, do akých jazykov boli preložené?          
Zatiaľ som mala šťastie (u nás je zvyk trikrát zaklopať na drevo, aby sme to nezakríkli, takže klopem) a všetky tri knihy, ktoré som napísala, boli preložené. Dve detektívky do češtiny a taliančiny a román Kniha o cintoríne vyšiel v angličtine, češtine, nemčine, švédštine, francúštine, bieloruštine, arabčine, turečtine a japončine.
Mali ste príležitosť osobne sa stretnúť so svojím prekladateľom či prekladateľkou, alebo s ním či s ňou nadviazať kontakt?                                                                                     
Vždy sme mali mailový kontakt, aby sme si mohli vysvetliť prípadné otázky a poväčšine sme sa poznali aj osobne.
Ako prebehlo toto stretnutie alebo kontakt?                                                                               
Bez výnimky dobre. Teda aspoň ja mám ten pocit a z celého srdca dúfam, že aj prekladatelia, ktorí sa mojimi textami zaoberali.
Je pre Vás ťažké zveriť svoje literárne dielo prekladateľovi alebo im slepo dôverujete?                                                                                                                                               
Nie je ťažké a dôverujem.
 Počuli ste niekedy čítať ukážky z Vašich kníh v inom jazyku? Ako to na Vás zapôsobilo?

Počula a čím som jazyku rozumela menej, tým sa mi to viac páčilo.

Počuli ste niekedy čítať ukážky z Vašich kníh v inom jazyku? Ako to na Vás zapôsobilo?

Počula a čím som jazyku rozumela menej, tým sa mi to viac páčilo.

Myslíte si, že dokážete posúdiť kvalitu prekladu?

 Nie.

Do ktorých jazykov by ste najradšej chceli mať svoje knihy preložené a prečo?

Chýba mi maďarčina. Len by som chcela počuť ako si tento ornamentálny jazyk poradil s mojim úsporným písaním.

 Čo Vám ako prvé napadne v súvislosti s povolaním literárneho prekladateľa?

Že hádam až dnes, keď má každý k dispozícii Google Translator, si ľudia uvedomia, že dobrý preklad nie je preloženie slov, ale objavovanie síl a schopností jazyka.


MICHAEL RITTERSON AND HIS AUTHORS



“What I like about my job as a literary translator? I like that it’s not a job. I love the freedom to be a fully engaged, active reader, working independently, most of the time without a deadline, exploring and researching everything needed to make a translation authentic, hearing the voice of the original author and letting it speak.

To understand [an author’s] work at the deep level of translation is to know the person better, and to know the person as writer and friend is to understand and appreciate his creative achievement.”


Michael Rittersonis an American literary translator. He speaks English, French, and German and has lost most of the Russian he once studied. He decided to answer to our questions in English .

How did you start translating literature?

As a college and university teacher of German literature. I had done incidental translations, particularly an unpublished collection of Expressionist poetry for a course taught in English, but I especially wanted to include writings of the 19th-century realist Wilhelm Raabe, and no major work of his was available in English. My translation of his novel Das Odfeld (The Odin Field) came out in 2001 and was very well received. That was the decisive encouragement for me.


What are “your” authors and languages?

I translate only German to English. Contemporary writers I’ve worked most with are Utz Rachowski (prose and poetry) and Angela Krauss (poetry). It’s nice to think of Raabe as “mine” too, but I’m not his only translator now ¾ maybe just the most dedicated one.


What do you like /dislike about your job as a literary translator?

I like that it’s not a job. I love the freedom to be a fully engaged, active reader, working independently, most of the time without a deadline, exploring and researching everything needed to make a translation authentic, hearing the voice of the original author and letting it speak. The only thing I’ve ever disliked is having, for whatever reason, to translate a poor piece of writing. Fortunately, I’ve only been put in that position once or twice.


What is the most enriching experience you have had?

Most enriching is to be part of an international community of literary translators and the writers who value and support translators’ work. The academic environment was never this consistently appreciative, congenial, and respectful.
Probably the most gratifying experience I’ve had was working with a group of five students and fellow translator Alison E. Martin, then at the University of Halle-Wittenberg, to produce a translation of a story by Wilhelm Raabe ¾ advising and guiding the students’ collaborative effort, for which they received no academic credit or remuneration but did see their work published and recently reprinted.


What made you feel closest to an author?

Working with writer Utz Rachowski during a semester he spent as a visiting professor in German studies at Gettysburg College (Pennsylvania). A high point of our collaboration was a bilingual reading of his prose and poetry for students of creative writing at another university. To understand Rachowski’s work at the deep level of translation is to know the person better, and to know the person as writer and friend is to understand and appreciate his creative achievement.


What have you found most difficult to translate?

Rhymed poetry. There is often more than one way to make a good translation that’s also a good poem in its own right. What is very difficult is to write the one poem that finds the same deep point from which the original sprang and grows again out of it. Add to this a formal rhyme scheme in the original and the difficulty level borders on the impossible, at least for me.
In another very different way, Wilhelm Raabe is difficult because he is such an allusive writer with an arsenal of references to five thousand years of Western history and thought. All of his best novels and novellas, in the original or in another language, would be frustrating to read without the help of explanatory notes on almost every page.


What have you enjoyed most translating?

I always enjoy translating works ¾ especially lyric poetry ¾ encountered by chance, playing with a few lines or sentences, and sometimes working at them for years, re-thinking, revising, finishing (or not), but always keeping them as workshop projects to revisit periodically.


Which authors would you love to translate?

Felicitas Hoppe, Peter Rühmkorf, Ernst Weiss, and more of the German Expressionist poets.


If you were not a literary translator, what would you do?

Study the ’cello.


Translated authors:

Utz Rachowski, Angela Krauss, Lena Gorelik, Saïd, Brigitte Struzyk, and others. Older poets and writers: R. M. Rilke, Eduard Mörike, Expressionist poets, Wilhelm Raabe, and the wonderful 17th-century naturalist Maria Sibylla Merian.




INKA PAREI AND HER TRANSLATORS



“To think about one’s text together with a translator is always a great joy and an enriching experience.

The paradox about literary translation is that the better it is, the more invisible it gets.”

[P.S. You don’t speak German? Next time you read a German author in your language, remember the experience is made possible by a translator.]


Inka Parei wurde 1967 in Frankfurt am Main geboren und lebt seit 1987 in Berlin. Ihr erster Roman „Die Schattenboxerin“ wurde mit dem Hans-Erich-Nossack-Förderpreis. ausgezeichnet und in 13 Sprachen übersetzt. Für ihren zweiten Roman „Was Dunkelheit war erhielt sie den Ingeborg-Bachmann-Preis. Zuletzt erschien 2011 „Die Kältezentrale“.

Wurden Ihre Bücher schon übersetzt? Falls ja, in welche Sprachen?

Alle drei Romane wurden oder werden von Katy Derbyshire ins Englische und von Richard Gross ins Spanische übersetzt. Die beiden ersten Bücher hatten darüber hinaus noch Übersetzungen in verschiedene andere Sprachen, “Die Schattenboxerin” beispielsweise ins Französische von Léa Marcou, ins Italienische von Umberto Gandini und ins Schwedische von Charlotty Brylla, “Was Dunkelheit war” ins Türkische von Ilknur Igan. Es gibt auch Übersetzungen ins Polnische, Bulgarische, Kroatische und Chinesische.

Haben Sie Ihre Übersetzer persönlich getroffen oder sind auf andere Weise in Kontakt mit ihnen getreten?

Einige der Genannten haben per Mail Fragen an mich gerichtet und einige  habe ich  persönlich getroffen, zum Beispiel bei einer Veranstaltung in dem jeweiligen Land.

Wie ist der Kontakt verlaufen?

Mit einem Übersetzer oder einer Übersetzerin über den eigenen Text nachzudenken ist immer eine Freude und Bereicherung. Bei jeder Sprache sind es andere Textstellen, die in den Mittelpunkt rücken. Häufig geht es dabei nicht um Verständnisfragen – die kann der Übersetzende mit seiner Kompetenz fast immer selbst beantworten – sondern eher darum sich gemeinsam noch einmal in den Zustand vor der Entstehung des Textes zu versetzen. Wenn beispielsweise etwas, für das es im Deutschen nur einen oder zwei Begriffe gibt, in der anderen Sprache variantenreicher ausgedrückt werden kann, muss ich versuchen, mich zu erinnern, was ich vor Augen hatte, als ich damals diesen oder jenen Ausdruck gewählt habe, damit der Übersetzende für seine Entscheidung eine bessere Basis bekommt.

Fällt es Ihnen schwer, Ihre literarischen Werke einem Übersetzer/einer Übersetzerin anzuvertrauen oder haben Sie blindes Vertrauen?

Natürlich muss man Vertrauen haben. Ich kann das Ergebnis ohnehin nicht kontrollieren, da ich die meisten Sprachen ja nicht verstehe. Wenn ich überhaupt nicht kontaktiert werde, frage ich mich allerdings schon mal, was entsteht da eigentlich gerade?

Haben Sie schon einmal gehört, wie jemand in einer anderen Sprache aus Ihren Büchern gelesen hat? Wie hat das auf Sie gewirkt?

Ich hatte schon häufiger diese Gelegenheit, und es ist jedesmal ein wunderbarer, fast magischer Moment. Da der Bedeutung der Sätze mir vertraut ist, kann ich mich beim Zuhören ganz auf den Klang und die Struktur des Vorgetragenen konzentrieren. Auch wenn ich das Gelesene kaum oder gar nicht verstehe, komme ich so für einen kurzen Augenblick der anderen Sprache sehr nahe.

Können Sie die Qualität einer Übersetzung einschätzen?

Nein, natürlich nicht. Auch nicht in Sprachen, die ich halbwegs beherrsche.  Ob bei einer Übersetzunge der richtige Ton getroffen wird, hängt von so feinen Nuancen ab, dass ich Muttersprachler sein oder länger in dem betreffenden Land gelebt haben müsste, um ein Urteil zu fällen.


In welche Sprachen sollten Ihre Bücher unbedingt übersetzt werden? Warum?

Ins Englische übersetzt zu werden ist natürlich immer gut, da diese Sprache sehr viele Menschen lesen können. Ähnliches gilt für das Spanische. Großartig finde ich aber auch, wenn Texte von mir in eine Sprache übertragen werden von deren Existenz ich bisher kaum Notiz genommen habe. Zum Beispiel wurden Aufzeichnungen, die ich letztes Jahr auf einer Reise durch Neuseeland gemacht habe, in einem Reiseblog des Goethe-Instituts veröffentlicht und waren dort, übersetzt von Te Tumatakuru O’Connell, auch in Te Reo Maori zu lesen.

Was fällt Ihnen als Erstes ein, wenn Sie an den Beruf des Literaturübersetzers/der Literaturübersetzerin denken?

Dass er immer noch zu wenig gewürdigt wird. Das Paradoxe an dieser Arbeit ist ja, dass sie gerade dann,  wenn sie besonders gut gemacht wurde, geradezu unsichtbar wird. Erst wenn der Funke nicht überspringt, beginnt man sich als Leser zu fragen, warum mag ich diese Erzählung nicht, warum  bleibe ich zu jenem Roman auf Distanz, ist das wirklich kein guter Text? Oder ist die Übersetzung das Problem? Ich finde, es sollte zur Regel werden, dass Buchbesprechungen ausführlich auf die Übersetzung und ihren Verfasser eingehen, um diesen Umstand stärker ins Bewusstsein zu rücken.

NATHALIE BAUER AND HER AUTHORS



Photo: Richard Overstreet 
"J’aime la traduction car c’est un travail de l’ombre, un travail d’artisanat, d’humilité, d’effacement. On s’oublie de la façon dont l’acteur s’oublie dans le rôle qu’il interprète : au lieu de se glisser dans la peau d’un personnage, on se glisse dans l’écriture d’un autre."

Nathalie Bauer est traductrice littéraire de l’italien au français. Elle parle trois langues (la sienne, l’italien et l’anglais). Elle a décidé de répondre à nos questions en français.

Comment avez-vous commencé à traduire la littérature ? Qui sont « vos auteurs » et quelles sont « vos » langues ?
J’ai commencé à traduire par hasard pendant que je préparais mon doctorat d’histoire médiévale et faisais des recherches en Italie (aux Archives de Modène). J’avais appris l’italien à l’âge de quinze ans en autodidacte, car j’étudiais déjà deux langues au lycée, l’anglais et l’allemand (langue que je suis hélas incapable de parler). J’ai commencé à acheter mes premiers ouvrages en italien sur les quais des gares. Je suis peu à peu tombée amoureuse de la littérature italienne. En 1988, je suis devenue lectrice pour Ivan Nabokov, chez Plon. Entre la lecture et la traduction, le pas a été assez vite sauté : ma première traduction (quelques chapitres d’un ouvrage sur les ventes d’armes de l’Europe à Sadam Hussein) date de 1990. En 1992, j’ai eu l’immense chance d’établir une nouvelle traduction des Viceré (Les princes de Francalanza) de Federico De Roberto, un des plus grands romans italiens. J’ai alors compris que ce serait mon métier. J’ai achevé mon doctorat puis abandonné la voie universitaire.

Qu’est-ce que vous aimez/n’aimez pas de votre travail de traductrice/ traducteur littéraire ?
J’aime la traduction car c’est un travail de l’ombre, un travail d’artisanat, d’humilité, d’effacement. On s’oublie de la façon dont l’acteur s’oublie dans le rôle qu’il interprète : au lieu de se glisser dans la peau d’un personnage, on se glisse dans l’écriture d’un autre.
Je n’aime pas les rapports de force avec certains éditeurs qui estiment pouvoir manipuler les textes littéraires à leur guise sans égard pour leur auteur.

Quelle est l’expérience la plus enrichissante que vous ayez eue?
Je m’enrichis chaque fois que je traduis un auteur que j’admire. La dernière en date est avec Antonio Pennacchi (Canal Mussolini, Mammouth) que je considère comme le plus grand écrivain italien vivant.

Qu’est-ce qui vous a fait sentir plus proche d’un auteur ?
Son exigence littéraire, sa rigueur, son intelligence, son savoir-faire. 

Qu’avez-vous trouvé particulièrement difficile à traduire ?
 Tous les textes sont pour moi difficiles à traduire : chaque fois que je commence une traduction (j’en ai à mon actif plus d’une centaine), j’ai l’impression que c’est la première, même si, en cours de travail, j’apprécie l’agilité et la patience qu’offre l’expérience.
Qu’avez-vous aimé le plus traduire?
Les meilleurs livres de Mario Soldati : exactitude, limpidité, élégance.

Quel auteur aimeriez-vous traduire?
 J’aimerais avoir le temps et la possibilité de traduire de la poésie.

Si vous n’étiez pas traducteur/ traductrice littéraire, que feriez-vous?

Par chance, je n’ai pas à me poser cette question, car je suis aussi écrivain.


Auteurs traduits : Federico De Roberto, Mario Soldati, Primo Levi, Natalia Ginzburg, Giovanni Arpino, Dario Fo, Antonio Pennacchi, Enrico Remmert, Paolo Giordano, Rocco Carbone, Michela Murgia, Marcello Fois, Elisabetta Rasy, Carmine Abate, etc.






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